Kayan ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da bakin ƙarfe, ƙarfen aluminum, bayanan aluminum tsantsa, ƙarfen zinc, tagulla, da sauransu. Wannan labarin ya fi mayar da hankali kan aluminum da ƙarfensa, yana gabatar da hanyoyin magance saman da aka saba amfani da su.
Aluminum da ƙarfensa suna da halaye na sauƙin sarrafawa, hanyoyin magance saman da ke da wadataccen amfani, da kuma kyawawan tasirin gani, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kayayyaki da yawa. Na taɓa ganin bidiyo yana gabatar da yadda ake sarrafa harsashin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta Apple daga wani yanki na ƙarfe guda ɗaya na aluminum ta amfani da kayan aikin injin CNC kuma ana yin jiyya da su a saman da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da manyan ayyuka da yawa kamar niƙa CNC, gogewa, niƙa mai sheƙi, da zana waya.
Ga ƙarfe na aluminum da aluminum, maganin saman ya haɗa da niƙa mai sheƙi/yanka mai sheƙi mai yawa, yankan yashi, gogewa, zana waya, anodizing, fesawa, da sauransu.
1. Babban niƙa mai sheƙi/yanka mai sheƙi mai yawa
Amfani da kayan aikin injin CNC masu inganci don yanke wasu cikakkun bayanai na sassan aluminum ko aluminum, wanda ke haifar da wurare masu haske a saman samfurin. Misali, wasu harsashin ƙarfe na wayar hannu ana niƙa su da da'irar chambers masu haske, yayin da wasu ƙananan sassan ƙarfe ana niƙa su da ɗaya ko da yawa madaidaiciyar ramuka masu haske don ƙara hasken saman samfurin. Wasu firam ɗin ƙarfe na TV masu tsayi suma suna amfani da wannan tsarin niƙa mai sheƙi. A lokacin niƙa mai sheƙi/yanka mai sheƙi, saurin injin niƙa yana da matuƙar musamman. Da sauri saurin, haka nan hasken yanke yake haskakawa. Akasin haka, ba ya haifar da wani tasirin haskakawa kuma yana da sauƙin shiga layukan kayan aiki.
2. Fashewar yashi
Tsarin lalata yashi yana nufin amfani da kwararar yashi mai sauri don magance saman ƙarfe, gami da tsaftacewa da ƙaiƙayi na saman ƙarfe, don cimma wani matakin tsafta da ƙaiƙayi a saman sassan aluminum da aluminum. Ba wai kawai zai iya inganta halayen injiniya na saman ɓangaren ba, inganta juriyar gajiya na ɓangaren, har ma da ƙara mannewa tsakanin asalin saman ɓangaren da murfin, wanda ya fi amfani ga dorewar fim ɗin rufewa da kuma daidaita da ƙawata murfin. An gano cewa a wasu samfura, tasirin ƙirƙirar saman azurfa mai laushi ta hanyar lalata yashi har yanzu yana da kyau sosai, kamar yadda lalata yashi yana ba saman kayan ƙarfe wani laushi mai laushi.
3. Gogewa
Gogewa yana nufin tsarin amfani da tasirin injiniya, sinadarai, ko na lantarki don rage ƙaiƙayin saman kayan aiki don samun saman mai haske da faɗi. Ba a amfani da gogewa akan harsashin samfurin don inganta daidaiton girma ko daidaiton siffar geometric na kayan aikin ba (saboda manufar ba shine a yi la'akari da haɗuwa ba), amma don samun tasirin haske mai santsi ko madubi.
Tsarin gogewa ya haɗa da gogewa ta injiniya, gogewa ta sinadarai, gogewa ta electrolytic, gogewa ta ultrasonic, gogewa ta ruwa, da gogewa ta magnetic. A cikin samfuran masu amfani da yawa, galibi ana goge sassan aluminum da aluminum ta amfani da gogewa ta injiniya da gogewa ta electrolytic, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu. Bayan gogewa ta injiniya da gogewa ta electrolytic, saman sassan aluminum da aluminum na iya samun kama da saman madubin ƙarfe. Madubin ƙarfe galibi yana ba mutane jin sauƙi, salo, da babban inganci, yana ba su jin daɗin ƙauna ga samfura ko ta halin kaka. Madubin ƙarfe yana buƙatar magance matsalar buga yatsa.
4. Yin Anodizing
A mafi yawan lokuta, sassan aluminum (gami da aluminum da aluminum gami da) ba su dace da electroplating ba kuma ba a yin electroplated ba. Madadin haka, ana amfani da hanyoyin sinadarai kamar anodizing don maganin saman. Electroplating akan sassan aluminum ya fi wahala da rikitarwa fiye da electroplating akan kayan ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe, zinc gami, da jan ƙarfe. Babban dalili shine cewa sassan aluminum suna da saurin ƙirƙirar fim ɗin oxide akan oxygen, wanda ke shafar mannewar murfin electroplating sosai; Lokacin da aka nutsar da su a cikin electrolyte, mummunan ƙarfin electrode na aluminum yana da saurin canzawa tare da ions na ƙarfe tare da yuwuwar mai kyau, don haka yana shafar mannewar Layer ɗin electroplating; Matsakaicin faɗaɗa sassan aluminum ya fi na sauran ƙarfe girma, wanda zai shafi ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin murfin da sassan aluminum; Aluminum ƙarfe ne mai amphoteric wanda ba shi da ƙarfi sosai a cikin mafita na electroplating acidic da alkaline.
Oxidation na Anodic yana nufin oxidation na lantarki na ƙarfe ko ƙarfe. Idan aka ɗauki samfuran aluminum da aluminum alloy (wanda ake kira samfuran aluminum) a matsayin misalai, ana sanya samfuran aluminum a cikin electrolyte mai dacewa azaman anodes. A ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi da kwararar ruwa ta waje, ana samar da Layer na aluminum oxide akan saman samfuran aluminum. Wannan Layer na aluminum oxide yana inganta taurin saman da juriyar lalacewa na samfuran aluminum, yana haɓaka juriyar tsatsa na samfuran aluminum, kuma yana amfani da ƙarfin sha na adadi mai yawa na micropores a cikin siririn Layer na fim ɗin oxide, Yana canza launin saman samfuran aluminum zuwa launuka masu kyau da haske daban-daban, yana wadatar da bayyanar launi na samfuran aluminum da ƙara kyawun su. Ana amfani da Anodizing sosai a cikin aluminum alloy.
Anaodizing kuma yana iya ba da takamaiman yanki tare da launuka daban-daban akan samfurin, kamar anodizing launuka biyu. Ta wannan hanyar, bayyanar ƙarfe na samfurin na iya nuna kwatancen launuka biyu kuma mafi kyawun nuna fifikon samfurin. Duk da haka, tsarin anodizing launuka biyu yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da tsada.
5. Zane na waya
Tsarin zana waya a saman hanya tsari ne mai girma wanda ke samar da layuka na yau da kullun a saman kayan aikin ƙarfe ta hanyar niƙa don cimma tasirin ado. Zane na wayar saman ƙarfe na iya nuna yanayin kayan ƙarfe yadda ya kamata kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin samfura da yawa. Hanya ce ta gama gari ta maganin saman ƙarfe kuma masu amfani da yawa suna son ta. Misali, ana amfani da tasirin zana waya na ƙarfe akan sassan samfura kamar ƙarshen fuskar fitilar tebur, maɓallan ƙofa, makullan kulle, ƙananan allunan sarrafa kayan gida, murhun bakin ƙarfe, allunan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, murfin majigi, da sauransu. Zane na waya na iya samar da tasirin kama da satin, da kuma sauran tasirin da aka shirya don zana waya.
Dangane da tasirin saman daban-daban, za a iya raba zanen waya na ƙarfe zuwa waya madaidaiciya, waya mara tsari, zane mai karkace, da sauransu. Tasirin layi na zanen waya na iya bambanta sosai. Ana iya nuna alamun waya masu kyau a saman sassan ƙarfe ta amfani da fasahar zana waya. A gani, ana iya siffanta shi da walƙiya mai kyau da ke haskakawa a cikin ƙarfe mai matte, yana ba samfurin yanayin fasaha da salo.
6. Fesawa
Manufar fesawa a saman sassan aluminum ba wai kawai don kare saman ba ne, har ma don inganta tasirin bayyanar sassan aluminum. Maganin fesawa na sassan aluminum ya haɗa da murfin electrophoretic, fesawa foda na electrostatic, fesawa na electrostatic liquid phase, da fesawa fluorocarbon.
Don fesawa ta hanyar electrophoretic, ana iya haɗa shi da anodizing. Manufar anodizing kafin a yi maganin ita ce a cire mai, ƙazanta, da fim ɗin oxide na halitta daga saman sassan aluminum, sannan a samar da fim ɗin anodizing iri ɗaya da inganci a kan wani wuri mai tsabta. Bayan anodizing da canza launin sassan aluminum, ana shafa fenti na electrophoretic. Rufin da aka yi da murfin electrophoretic yana da daidaito kuma siriri, tare da babban haske, juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga yanayi mai yawa, da kuma kusanci ga yanayin ƙarfe.
Feshin foda na Electrostatic shine tsarin feshin foda a saman sassan aluminum ta hanyar bindigar feshin foda, yana samar da wani Layer na fim ɗin polymer na halitta, wanda galibi yana taka rawa ta kariya da ado. An bayyana ƙa'idar aiki ta feshin foda na electrostatic a takaice a matsayin amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki mara kyau ga bindigar feshin foda, yana lalata kayan aikin da aka rufe, yana samar da filin lantarki mai ƙarfi tsakanin bindigar da kayan aikin, wanda ke da amfani ga feshin foda.
Feshin ruwa na Electrostatic yana nufin tsarin maganin saman shafa murfin ruwa a saman bayanan aluminum ta hanyar bindigar feshi ta electrostatic don samar da fim ɗin polymer mai kariya da ado.
Feshin Fluorocarbon, wanda aka fi sani da "man curium", tsari ne na feshi mai inganci tare da farashi mai tsada. Sassan da ke amfani da wannan hanyar feshi suna da juriya mai kyau ga faɗuwa, sanyi, ruwan sama mai guba da sauran tsatsa, juriya mai ƙarfi da juriyar UV, kuma suna iya jure yanayin yanayi mai tsauri. Rufin fluorocarbon mai inganci yana da walƙiya ta ƙarfe, launuka masu haske, da kuma fahimta mai girma uku. Tsarin feshin fluorocarbon yana da rikitarwa kuma gabaɗaya yana buƙatar jiyya da yawa na feshi. Kafin feshi, ana buƙatar aiwatar da jerin hanyoyin kafin a fara magani, wanda yake da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar manyan buƙatu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-07-2024