Ⅰ-AcidPickling
1.- Ma'anar Acid-Pickling: Ana amfani da acid don cire sikelin ƙarfe oxide ta hanyar sinadarai a wani takamaiman taro, zafin jiki, da sauri, wanda ake kira pickling.
2.- Rarraba sinadarin acid-pickling: Dangane da nau'in sinadarin acid, an raba shi zuwa sinadarin sulfuric acid pickling, sinadarin hydrochloric acid pickling, sinadarin nitric acid pickling, da kuma sinadarin hydrofluoric acid pickling. Dole ne a zaɓi hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su wajen yin pickling bisa ga kayan da ƙarfen ke da shi, kamar sulfuric acid pickling da sinadarin hydrochloric acid, ko kuma sulfuric acid pickling da sinadarin nitric acid da kuma hydrofluoric acid.
Dangane da siffar ƙarfe, an raba shi zuwa tsinken waya, tsinken ƙirƙira, tsinken farantin ƙarfe, tsinken tsiri, da sauransu.
Dangane da nau'in kayan aikin girki, an raba shi zuwa girki na tanki, girki na rabin-ci gaba, girki mai ci gaba gaba ɗaya, da girki na hasumiya.
3.- Ka'idar tsinkewar acid: Tsankewar acid tsari ne na cire sikelin ƙarfe daga saman ƙarfe ta amfani da hanyoyin sinadarai, don haka ana kiransa tsinkewar acid na sinadarai. Sikelin ƙarfe (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) da aka samar a saman bututun ƙarfe sikelin asali ne wanda ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa. Idan aka nutsar da su cikin ruwan acid ko kuma aka fesa su da ruwan acid a saman, waɗannan sikelin asali na iya fuskantar jerin canje-canje na sinadarai tare da acid.
Saboda yanayin da sikelin oxide ke ciki, mai ramuka, da kuma tsagewa a saman ƙarfe mai siffar carbon ko ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, tare da lanƙwasawa akai-akai na sikelin oxide tare da sikelin ƙarfe yayin miƙewa, miƙewa da tashin hankali, da jigilar su akan layin tsinken, waɗannan tsagewar ramuka suna ƙara ƙaruwa da faɗaɗawa. Saboda haka, maganin acid yana amsawa da sikelin oxide ta hanyar sinadarai kuma yana amsawa da sikelin ƙarfe ta hanyar tsagewa da ramuka. Wato, a farkon wanke sikelin, ana gudanar da halayen sinadarai guda uku tsakanin sikelin oxide na ƙarfe da sikelin ƙarfe da sikelin acid a lokaci guda. Sikelin ƙarfe yana yin amsawar sinadarai tare da sikelin acid kuma ana narkar da shi (narkewa). Ƙarfe ƙarfe yana amsawa da sikelin acid don samar da iskar hydrogen, wanda ke bare sikelin oxide ta hanyar injiniya (tasirin barewar injiniya) Haidrojin atomic da aka samar yana rage oxides na ƙarfe zuwa oxides masu saurin amsawar acid, sannan kuma yana amsawa da acid da za a cire (ragewa).
Ⅱ-Passivation/Dakatarwa/Dakatarwa
1.- Ka'idar Passivation: Ana iya bayanin tsarin passivation ta hanyar ka'idar fim mai siriri, wanda ke nuna cewa passivation ya samo asali ne daga hulɗar da ke tsakanin karafa da abubuwan da ke lalata iska, wanda ke samar da fim mai siriri, mai kauri, mai rufewa sosai, kuma mai kauri a saman karfe. Wannan Layer na fim yana wanzuwa a matsayin wani mataki mai zaman kansa, yawanci wani mahaɗi ne na karafa da aka yi wa oxidized. Yana taka rawa wajen raba karfe gaba ɗaya daga tsakiyar lalata iska, yana hana ƙarfen shiga cikin tsakiyar lalata iska, ta haka ne kawai zai dakatar da narkewar ƙarfe da kuma samar da yanayin rashin aiki don cimma tasirin hana lalata iska.
2.- Fa'idodin rashin amfani da shi:
1) Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin rufe jiki na gargajiya, maganin passivation yana da halayyar rashin ƙara kauri na kayan aikin da canza launi, inganta daidaito da ƙarin ƙimar samfurin, yana sa aiki ya fi dacewa;
2) Saboda rashin amsawar tsarin passivation, ana iya ƙara wakilin passivation akai-akai da amfani da shi, wanda ke haifar da tsawon rai da kuma farashi mai rahusa.
3) Passivation yana haɓaka samuwar fim ɗin passivation na tsarin ƙwayoyin oxygen a saman ƙarfe, wanda yake da ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi a cikin aiki, kuma yana da tasirin gyara kansa a cikin iska a lokaci guda. Saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da hanyar gargajiya ta shafa mai hana tsatsa, fim ɗin passivation da aka samar ta hanyar passivation ya fi karko kuma yana jure tsatsa. Yawancin tasirin caji a cikin layin oxide suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da tsarin oxide oxidation na zafi. A cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 800-1250 ℃, tsarin thermal oxidation ta amfani da busasshen oxygen, iskar oxygen mai danshi, ko tururin ruwa yana da matakai uku masu ci gaba. Da farko, iskar oxygen a cikin yanayin muhalli yana shiga cikin layin oxide da aka samar, sannan iskar oxygen ta bazu a ciki ta hanyar silicon dioxide. Lokacin da ya isa hanyar Si02-Si, yana amsawa da silicon don samar da sabon silicon dioxide. Ta wannan hanyar, ci gaba da aiwatar da amsawar passivation na oxygen yana faruwa, yana sa silicon kusa da hanyar connection ya ci gaba da canzawa zuwa silica, kuma layin oxide yana girma zuwa cikin wafer silicon a wani takamaiman lokaci.
Ⅲ-Phosphating
Maganin phosphate wani sinadari ne da ke samar da wani Layer na fim (film ɗin phosphating) a saman. Ana amfani da tsarin maganin phosphating galibi a saman ƙarfe, da nufin samar da fim mai kariya don ware ƙarfe daga iska da kuma hana tsatsa; Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman primer ga wasu samfura kafin a fenti. Tare da wannan Layer na fim ɗin phosphating, yana iya inganta mannewa da juriyar tsatsa na layin fenti, inganta halayen ado, da kuma sa saman ƙarfe ya yi kyau. Hakanan yana iya taka rawa wajen shafa mai a wasu hanyoyin aiki na sanyi na ƙarfe.
Bayan an yi amfani da sinadarin phosphating, aikin ba zai yi tsatsa ko ya yi oxidize ba na dogon lokaci, don haka amfani da sinadarin phosphating yana da faɗi sosai kuma tsarin gyaran saman ƙarfe ne da aka saba amfani da shi. Ana ƙara amfani da shi a masana'antu kamar motoci, jiragen ruwa, da masana'antar injina.
1.- Rarrabawa da amfani da sinadarin phosphating
Yawanci, maganin saman zai nuna launi daban-daban, amma maganin phosphating zai iya dogara ne akan ainihin buƙatu ta hanyar amfani da magungunan phosphating daban-daban don gabatar da launuka daban-daban. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa muke yawan ganin maganin phosphating a launin toka, launi, ko baƙi.
Yin amfani da ƙarfe wajen yin phosphating: bayan yin phosphating, saman zai nuna launin bakan gizo da shuɗi, don haka ana kiransa da launin phosphorus. Maganin phosphating galibi yana amfani da molybdate azaman kayan da aka ƙera, wanda zai samar da fim ɗin phosphating mai launin bakan gizo a saman kayan ƙarfe, kuma ana amfani da shi galibi don fenti ƙasan Layer, don cimma juriyar tsatsa na aikin da kuma inganta mannewar murfin saman.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-10-2024